DBMS > AlaSQL vs. CockroachDB vs. GraphDB vs. Oracle vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison AlaSQL vs. CockroachDB vs. GraphDB vs. Oracle vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

JavaScript DBMS library

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

Widely used RDBMS

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Document store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.49
Rank	#259	Overall
	#40	Document stores
	#120	Relational DBMS

Score	6.10
Rank	#58	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	3.10
Rank	#100	Overall
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	1234.27
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	2.05
Rank	#129	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

alasql.org

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.ontotext.com

www.oracle.com/database

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

github.com/AlaSQL/alasql

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

docs.oracle.com/en/database

docs.stardog.com

Social network pages

Developer

Andrey Gershun & Mathias R. Wulff

Cockroach Labs

Ontotext

Oracle

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2014

2015

2000

1980

2010

Current release

23.1.1, May 2023

10.4, October 2023

23c, September 2023

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT-License

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

CockroachDB: A cloud-native, distributed SQL database designed for speed, scale, and survival. Get started for free today with a fully-managed CockroachDB cluster -- leave operations behind and get your app to market faster.

Implementation language

JavaScript

Java

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

dynamic schema

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

yes

with proprietary extensions

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

JavaScript API

JDBC

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

JavaScript

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Constraint checking

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

only for local storage and DOM-storage

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorage

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

CockroachDB is a cloud-native, distributed SQL database architected for modern applications....
» more

Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more

Competitive advantages

- EFFORTLESS SCALE: Scale your applications, not operational complexity. CockroachDB...
» more

GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Payment processing, user account management, metadata management, identity access...
» more

Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more

Key customers

Comcast, DoorDash, Mythical Games, Norfolk Southern, Netflix, LUSH, Bose, Shipt,...
» more

GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more

Market metrics

12K+ long-running clusters 25K+ CockroachDB self-hosted clusters 75K+ CockroachDB...
» more

GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

- Apache 2.0 for core features released up to and including the 19.1 release - Time-limited...
» more

GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more

News

Scaling Understanding with the Help of Feedback Loops, Knowledge Graphs and NLP
19 April 2024

How Knowledge Graphs Power Data Mesh and Data Fabric
10 April 2024

Building Smarter Financial Services: The Role of Semantic Technologies, Knowledge Graphs and Generative AI
3 April 2024

Using GraphDB’s Natural Language Interface to Talk with Your Content
29 March 2024

Choosing A Graph Data Model to Best Serve Your Use Case
27 March 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.