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DBMS > Adabas vs. FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Adabas vs. FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesMicrosofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelMultivalue DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.04
Rank#87  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Score1.50
Rank#166  Overall
#29  Document stores
#27  Key-value stores
#76  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#100  Overall
#16  Key-value stores
Score845.81
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperSoftware AGFoundationDBGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release1971201320111989
Current release6.2.28, November 20201.23, February 2021SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C++
Server operating systemsBS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
Linux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL Gatewaysupported in specific SQL layer onlynoyes
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesNatural.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin Naturalin SQL-layer onlynoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas VistaShardingnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, with add-on product Event Replicatoryesnoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)nonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Adabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"FoundationDBLevelDBMicrosoft SQL Server
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