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DBMS > 4D vs. PostgreSQL vs. RocksDB vs. Tarantool

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. PostgreSQL vs. RocksDB vs. Tarantool

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRocksDB  Xexclude from comparisonTarantool  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLEmbeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)In-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Key-value storeDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS infowith Tarantool/GIS extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.00
Rank#84  Overall
#11  Key-value stores
Score1.67
Rank#150  Overall
#25  Document stores
#25  Key-value stores
#69  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.postgresql.orgrocksdb.orgwww.tarantool.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.postgresql.org/­docsgithub.com/­facebook/­rocksdb/­wikiwww.tarantool.io/­en/­doc
Developer4D, IncPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerFacebook, Inc.VK
Initial release19841989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20132008
Current releasev20, April 202316.2, February 20248.11.4, April 20242.10.0, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoBSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageCC++C and C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
LinuxBSD
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFlexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnostring, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoFull-featured ANSI SQL support
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
C++ API
Java API
Open binary protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noLua, C and SQL stored procedures
Triggersyesyesyes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioningSharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesAsynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCasual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition infowhen using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition infowhen using Raft
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDyesACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, cooperative multitasking
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, write ahead logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionPostgreSQLRocksDBTarantool
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