DB-EnginesExtremeDB: mitigate connectivity issues in a DBMSEnglish
Deutsch
Knowledge Base of Relational and NoSQL Database Management Systemsprovided by solid IT

DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. SingleStore

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. SingleStore

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonMySQL  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMSA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSMySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoKey/Value like access via memcached APIGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.80
Rank#111  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score845.81
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1101.50
Rank#2  Overall
#2  Relational DBMS
Score2.36
Rank#124  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score6.03
Rank#62  Overall
#35  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.mysql.comgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.singlestore.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdev.mysql.com/­docdocs.nebula-graph.iodocs.singlestore.com
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftOracle infosince 2010, originally MySQL AB, then SunVesoft Inc.SingleStore Inc.
Initial release19841989199520192013
Current releasev20, April 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20228.3.0, January 20248.5, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0commercial infofree developer edition available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities
Implementation languageC++C and C++C++C++, Go
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
LinuxLinux info64 bit version required
Data schemeyesyesyesStrong typed schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like query languageyes infobut no triggers and foreign keys
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Cluster Management API infoas HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes infoproprietary syntaxuser defined functionsyes
Triggersyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationhorizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL FabricShardingSharding infohash partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Causal Clustering using Raft protocolSource-replica replication infostores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono infocan define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engineyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes infoAll updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesRole-based access controlFine grained access control via users, groups and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft SQL ServerMySQLNebulaGraphSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
SingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
SingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Driving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
IEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems.
» more

Navicat for SQL Server gives you a fully graphical approach to database management and development.
» more
Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.
» more

CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers.
» more

Navicat for MySQL is the ideal solution for MySQL/MariaDB administration and development.
» more

Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for MySQL and many other database management systems.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft SQL ServerMySQLNebulaGraphSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL
DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

show all

MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019
3 January 2020, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire
2 May 2017, Paul Andlinger

Microsoft SQL Server is the DBMS of the Year
4 January 2017, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

show all

MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019
3 January 2020, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

MariaDB strengthens its position in the open source RDBMS market
5 April 2018, Matthias Gelbmann

The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire
2 May 2017, Paul Andlinger

show all

Turbocharge Your Application Development Using WebAssembly With SingleStoreDB
17 October 2022,  Akmal Chaudhri, SingleStore (sponsor) 

Cloud-Based Analytics With SingleStoreDB
9 June 2022,  Akmal Chaudhri, SingleStore (sponsor) 

SingleStore: The Increasing Momentum of Multi-Model Database Systems
14 February 2022,  Akmal Chaudhri, SingleStore (sponsor) 

show all

Recent citations in the news

SQL Server 2014 end of support: Keep your customers secure
28 March 2024, microsoft.com

Fortinet FortiClient EMS SQL injection flaw exploited in the wild
26 March 2024, SC Media

Configure Kerberos authentication in Linux clients for Amazon RDS for SQL Server with AWS Managed Microsoft AD ...
13 March 2024, AWS Blog

Creating and Managing Databases Using Microsoft SQL Server
8 December 2023, New York Institute of Technology

Microsoft confirms memory leak in March Windows Server security update
25 March 2024, The Register

provided by Google News

Vitess Version 19 Released: Ends Support for MySQL 5.7, Improves MySQL Compatibility
27 March 2024, InfoQ.com

Amazon Aurora MySQL version 2 (with MySQL 5.7 compatibility) to version 3 (with MySQL 8.0 compatibility) upgrade ...
18 March 2024, AWS Blog

Want to become an AI developer? Here's how with MySQL HeatWave
13 March 2024, Oracle

Google advances with vector search in MySQL, leapfrogging Oracle in LLM support
4 March 2024, The Register

General Availability: Azure MySQL Import feature for Azure Database for MySQL Single to Flexible Server migrations ...
17 January 2024, azure.microsoft.com

provided by Google News

Celebrating 10,000 GitHub Stars for NebulaGraph
26 March 2024, Yahoo Finance

Vesoft (NebulaGraph) Recognized in the Gartner® Market Guide for Graph Database Management Systems
15 November 2023, PR Newswire

NebulaGraph reaps from China’s growing appetite for graph databases
16 September 2022, TechCrunch

NebulaGraph Completes Series A to Scale Its Distributed Graph Database
16 September 2022, Datanami

Beginner’s Guide to NebulaGraph Database | by Ng Wai Foong
26 October 2022, Towards Data Science

provided by Google News

SingleStore CEO sees little future for purpose-built vector databases
24 January 2024, VentureBeat

SingleStore adds indexed vector search to Pro Max release for faster AI work – Blocks and Files
29 January 2024, Blocks & Files

SingleStore Announces Real-time Data Platform to Further Accelerate AI, Analytics and Application Development
24 January 2024, Business Wire

SingleStore CEO on High-Speed Database Currents
30 January 2024, Bloomberg

SingleStore, Snowflake Help Customers Build Enterprise-Ready Generative AI Apps
3 January 2024, Acceleration Economy

provided by Google News



Share this page

Featured Products

Neo4j logo

See for yourself how a graph database can make your life easier.
Use Neo4j online for free.

AllegroGraph logo

Graph Database Leader for AI Knowledge Graph Applications - The Most Secure Graph Database Available.
Free Download

Milvus logo

Vector database designed for GenAI, fully equipped for enterprise implementation.
Try Managed Milvus for Free

Ontotext logo

GraphDB allows you to link diverse data, index it for semantic search and enrich it via text analysis to build big knowledge graphs. Get it free.

Datastax Astra logo

Bring all your data to Generative AI applications with vector search enabled by the most scalable
vector database available.
Try for Free

Present your product here