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DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score22.71
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score47.84
Rank#21  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.orgwww.teradata.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.teradata.com
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTeradata
Initial release198420161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL1984
Current releasev20, April 202316.2, February 2024Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hosted
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash index
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL 2016 + extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallel
Triggersyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infoHashing
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgreSQLTeradata
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Conferences, events and webinars

Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor
Webinar, 10-11am CT / 4-5pm BST, 22 May 2024

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