DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Solr vs. TimesTen vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Solr vs. TimesTen vs. Tkrzw

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Search engine

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	29.85
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	44.28
Rank	#24	Overall
	#3	Search engines

Score	1.35
Rank	#165	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Score	0.09
Rank	#354	Overall
	#51	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

solr.apache.org

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

dbmx.net/tkrzw

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

solr.apache.org/resources.html

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

4D, Inc

Microsoft

Apache Software Foundation

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Mikio Hirabayashi

Initial release

1984

2014

2006

1998

2020

Current release

v20, April 2023

9.5.0, February 2024

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

0.9.3, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

runs as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Dynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

supports customizable data types and automatic typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

Solr Parallel SQL Interface

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

C++
Java
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

Java plugins

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

yes

User configurable commands triggered on index changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

spark-solr: github.com/lucidworks/spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

optimistic locking

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using specific database classes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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