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DBMS > 4D vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SingleStore vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. SingleStore vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTrino  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesWidely used in-process key-value storeMySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table typeFast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score5.60
Rank#62  Overall
#35  Relational DBMS
Score5.00
Rank#66  Overall
#36  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.singlestore.comtrino.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldocs.singlestore.comtrino.io/­broadcast
trino.io/­docs/­current
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHub
Developer4D, IncGoogleOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleSingleStore Inc.Trino Software Foundation
Initial release19842011199420132012 info2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL
Current releasev20, April 20231.23, February 202118.1.40, May 20208.5, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infocommercial license availablecommercial infofree developer edition availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilitiesStarburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.
Implementation languageC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C++, GoJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux info64 bit version requiredLinux
macOS infofor devlopment
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnonoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionnono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesdepending on connected data-source
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes infobut no triggers and foreign keysyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Cluster Management API infoas HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoyesyes, depending on connected data-source
Triggersyesnoyes infoonly for the SQL APInono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneSharding infohash partitioningdepending on connected data-source
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infostores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodesdepending on connected data-source
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infocan define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculationsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencydepending on connected data-source
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDdepending on connected data-source
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes infoAll updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.depending on connected data-source
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnonoFine grained access control via users, groups and rolesSQL standard access control
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionLevelDBOracle Berkeley DBSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQLTrino
Specific characteristicsSingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed...
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Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
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Competitive advantagesSingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
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High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
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Typical application scenariosDriving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
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Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
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Key customersIEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
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Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
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Market metricsCustomers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
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33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
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Licensing and pricing modelsF ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
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Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionLevelDBOracle Berkeley DBSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQLTrino
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