DBMS > 4D vs. Ingres vs. Newts vs. Oracle vs. YDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Ingres vs. Newts vs. Oracle vs. YDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Well established RDBMS

Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra

Widely used RDBMS

A distributed fault-tolerant database service, with high availability, scalability, immediate consistency and ACID transactions and providing an Amazon DynamoDB compatible API

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	3.63
Rank	#79	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#385	Overall
	#40	Time Series DBMS

Score	1286.59
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.39
Rank	#269	Overall
	#43	Document stores
	#126	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

opennms.github.io/newts

www.oracle.com/database

github.com/ydb-platform/ydb
ydb.tech

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.actian.com/ingres

github.com/OpenNMS/newts/wiki

docs.oracle.com/en/database

ydb.tech/en/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Actian Corporation

OpenNMS Group

Oracle

Yandex

Initial release

1984

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2014

1980

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

12.0, July 2024

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache 2.0; commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language (YQL)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

HTTP REST
Java API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Java

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding

based on Cassandra

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Ingres Replicator

selectable replication factor

based on Cassandra

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Active-passive shard replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

based on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency

based on Cassandra

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights defined for Yandex Cloud users

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