DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. PostgreSQL vs. SiteWhere

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. PostgreSQL vs. SiteWhere

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

M2M integration platform for persisting/querying time series data

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	14.03
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	645.05
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.06
Rank	#367	Overall
	#36	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

impala.apache.org

www.postgresql.org

github.com/sitewhere/sitewhere

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

www.postgresql.org/docs

sitewhere1.sitewhere.io/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

SiteWhere

Initial release

1984

2013

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2010

Current release

v20, April 2023

4.1.0, June 2022

16.2, February 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Common Public Attribution License Version 1.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

predefined scheme

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

HTTP REST

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Sharding

based on HBase

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

selectable replication factor

based on HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

More information provided by the system vendor

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