DBMS > 4D vs. HugeGraph vs. PostGIS vs. SQLite vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. HugeGraph vs. PostGIS vs. SQLite vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

Spatial extension of PostgreSQL

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.15
Rank	#339	Overall
	#33	Graph DBMS

Score	23.90
Rank	#29	Overall
	#1	Spatial DBMS

Score	116.01
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	2.05
Rank	#129	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

postgis.net

www.sqlite.org

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

postgis.net/documentation

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

docs.stardog.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Baidu

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Stardog-Union

Initial release

1984

2018

2005

2000

2010

Current release

v20, April 2023

0.9

3.4.2, February 2024

3.45.2 (12 March 2024), March 2024

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

GPL v2.0

Open Source

Public Domain

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Unix

server-less

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

dynamic column types

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Groovy
Java
Python

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

user defined functions

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

yes

based on PostgreSQL

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

yes

based on PostgreSQL

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

via hugegraph-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

edges in graph

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Users, roles and permissions

yes

based on PostgreSQL

Access rights for users and roles

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