DBMS > 4D vs. HugeGraph vs. LevelDB vs. Postgres-XL vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. HugeGraph vs. LevelDB vs. Postgres-XL vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.15
Rank	#339	Overall
	#33	Graph DBMS

Score	2.75
Rank	#107	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.52
Rank	#256	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	1.35
Rank	#165	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

github.com/google/leveldb

www.postgres-xl.org

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

4D, Inc

Baidu

Google

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

1984

2018

2011

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

1998

Current release

v20, April 2023

0.9

1.23, February 2021

10 R1, October 2018

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Mozilla public license

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Unix

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Groovy
Java
Python

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

user defined functions

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

none

horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

via hugegraph-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

edges in graph

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

MVCC

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Users, roles and permissions

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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