DBMS > 4D vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Widely used in-process key-value store

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	8.22
Rank	#50	Overall
	#32	Relational DBMS

Score	2.75
Rank	#107	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	2.52
Rank	#114	Overall
	#20	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.h2database.com

github.com/google/leveldb

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Thomas Mueller

Google

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

Initial release

1984

2005

2011

1994

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

1.23, February 2021

18.1.40, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Java

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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