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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Teradata vs. TigerGraph vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Teradata vs. TigerGraph vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)A complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-timeIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#105  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Score47.84
Rank#21  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Score1.83
Rank#141  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Score1.35
Rank#165  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.teradata.comwww.tigergraph.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.teradata.comdocs.tigergraph.comdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Developer4D, IncGoogleTeradataOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release19842017198420171998
Current releasev20, April 2023Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 201911 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedhosted
Linux
LinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash indexyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoSQL 2016 + extensionsSQL-like query language (GSQL)yes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
C++
Java
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallelyesPL/SQL
Triggersyesnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoHashingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud SpannerTeradataTigerGraphTimesTen
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14 October 2023, InfoQ.com

Google makes its Cloud Spanner database service faster and more cost-efficient
11 October 2023, SiliconANGLE News

Google turns up the heat on AWS, claims Cloud Spanner is half the cost of DynamoDB
11 October 2023, TechCrunch

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11 September 2023, hackernoon.com

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12 October 2023, Techzine Europe

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Teradata Appoints Richard Petley as Chief Revenue Officer
5 April 2024, Business Wire

Teradata Announces Executive Shift with CRO Resignation and Succession - TipRanks.com
5 April 2024, TipRanks

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26 March 2024, Simply Wall St

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New TigerGraph CEO Refocuses Efforts on Enterprise Customers
31 July 2023, Datanami

TigerGraph update adds enterprise-scale capabilities
31 October 2023, TechTarget

TigerGraph Bolsters DB for Enterprise Graph Workloads
1 November 2023, Datanami

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