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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Lovefield vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Lovefield vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardwareEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.58
Rank#92  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score2.10
Rank#126  Overall
#61  Relational DBMS
Score0.32
Rank#290  Overall
#132  Relational DBMS
Score0.09
Rank#351  Overall
#47  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablegithub.com/­heavyai/­heavydb
www.heavy.ai
google.github.io/­lovefieldgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.heavy.aigithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdwww.xtdb.com/­docs
Developer4D, IncGoogleHEAVY.AI, Inc.GoogleJuxt Ltd.
Initial release19842015201620142019
Current releasev20, April 20235.10, January 20222.1.12, February 20171.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2; enterprise edition availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++ and CUDAJavaScriptClojure
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinuxserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesnonoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternlimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python
JavaScriptClojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnononono
TriggersyesnonoUsing read-only observersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoRound robinnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replicationnoneyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes infousing MemoryDB
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud BigtableHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022LovefieldXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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