DBMS > 4D vs. dBASE vs. Google BigQuery vs. Splice Machine vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. dBASE vs. Google BigQuery vs. Splice Machine vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

dBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

Open-Source SQL RDBMS for Operational and Analytical use cases with native Machine Learning, powered by Hadoop and Spark

A complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	9.16
Rank	#43	Overall
	#27	Relational DBMS

Score	52.67
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	0.54
Rank	#244	Overall
	#114	Relational DBMS

Score	1.44
Rank	#152	Overall
	#14	Graph DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.dbase.com

cloud.google.com/bigquery

splicemachine.com

www.tigergraph.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.dbase.com/support/knowledgebase

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

splicemachine.com/how-it-works

docs.tigergraph.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Asthon Tate

Google

Splice Machine

Initial release

1984

1979

2010

2014

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

dBASE 2019, 2019

3.1, March 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

AGPL 3.0, commercial license available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

DOS

dBase Classic
Windows

dBase Pro

hosted

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-like query language (GSQL)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

none

The IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
Native Spark Datasource
ODBC

GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

dBase proprietary IDE

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Scala

C++
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

The IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.

user defined functions

in JavaScript

yes

Java

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Shared Nothhing Auto-Sharding, Columnar Partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Yes, via Full Spark Integration

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMS

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

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