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DBMS > 4D vs. GigaSpaces vs. H2 vs. OrientDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. GigaSpaces vs. H2 vs. OrientDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGigaSpaces  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemHigh performance in-memory data grid platform, powering three products: Smart Cache, Smart ODS (Operational Data Store), Smart Augmented TransactionsFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Object oriented DBMS infoValues are user defined objects
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsGraph DBMS
Search engine
Spatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#192  Overall
#32  Document stores
#6  Object oriented DBMS
Score8.22
Rank#50  Overall
#32  Relational DBMS
Score3.27
Rank#97  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#15  Key-value stores
Score4.20
Rank#83  Overall
#14  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#45  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.4d.comwww.gigaspaces.comwww.h2database.comorientdb.orgvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.gigaspaces.com/­latest/­landing.htmlwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Developer4D, IncGigaspaces TechnologiesThomas MuellerOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPOpenLink Software
Initial release19842000200520101998
Current releasev20, April 202315.5, September 20202.2.220, July 20233.2.29, March 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2; Commercial licenses availableOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, C++, .NetJavaJavaC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesno infoXML can be used for describing objects metadatanonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-99 for query and DML statementsyesSQL-like query language, no joinsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
GigaSpaces LRMI
Hibernate
JCache
JDBC
JPA
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data
JDBC
ODBC
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C++
Java
Python
Scala
Java.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJava, Javascriptyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyes, event driven architectureyesHooksyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication infosynchronous or asynchronous
Source-replica replication infosynchronous or asynchronous
With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoMap-Reduce pattern can be built with XAP task executorsnono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable: ALL, QUORUM, ANYImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes inforelationship in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGigaSpacesH2OrientDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGigaSpacesH2OrientDBVirtuoso
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