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DBMS > 4D vs. GigaSpaces vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Lovefield vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. GigaSpaces vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Lovefield vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGigaSpaces  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemHigh performance in-memory data grid platform, powering three products: Smart Cache, Smart ODS (Operational Data Store), Smart Augmented TransactionsA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptAn in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Object oriented DBMS infoValues are user defined objects
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsGraph DBMS
Search engine
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.13
Rank#114  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.94
Rank#194  Overall
#33  Document stores
#7  Object oriented DBMS
Score2.70
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#299  Overall
#135  Relational DBMS
Score1.23
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.gigaspaces.comcloud.google.com/­spannergoogle.github.io/­lovefieldwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.gigaspaces.com/­latest/­landing.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­timesten/­index.html
Developer4D, IncGigaspaces TechnologiesGoogleGoogleOracle infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release19842000201720141998
Current releasev20, April 202315.5, September 20202.1.12, February 2017Release 22.1
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2; Commercial licenses availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, C++, .NetJavaScript
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
hostedserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariIBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesno infoXML can be used for describing objects metadatanonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-99 for query and DML statementsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
GigaSpaces LRMI
Hibernate
JCache
JDBC
JPA
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C++
Java
Python
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScriptC
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesnonoPL/SQL
Triggersyesyes, event driven architecturenoUsing read-only observersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication infosynchronous or asynchronous
Source-replica replication infosynchronous or asynchronous
Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoMap-Reduce pattern can be built with XAP task executorsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable: ALL, QUORUM, ANYImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes infousing MemoryDByes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGigaSpacesGoogle Cloud SpannerLovefieldTimesTen
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