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DBMS > 4D vs. GeoMesa vs. Pinecone vs. TigerGraph vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. GeoMesa vs. Pinecone vs. TigerGraph vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGeoMesa  Xexclude from comparisonPinecone  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemGeoMesa is a distributed spatio-temporal DBMS based on various systems as storage layer.A managed, cloud-native vector databaseA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-timeA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSVector DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.81
Rank#214  Overall
#4  Spatial DBMS
Score3.29
Rank#94  Overall
#2  Vector DBMS
Score1.83
Rank#141  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.geomesa.orgwww.pinecone.iowww.tigergraph.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.geomesa.org/­documentation/­stable/­user/­index.htmldocs.pinecone.io/­docs/­overviewdocs.tigergraph.com
Developer4D, IncCCRi and othersPinecone Systems, Inc8Kdata
Initial release19842014201920172016
Current releasev20, April 20234.0.5, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache License 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageScalaC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinuxAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesString, Number, Booleanyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nonoSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP APIGSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
PythonC++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonedepending on storage layerSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationdepending on storage layerSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistencydepending on storage layerEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nodepending on storage layernono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyes infodepending on the DBMS used for storageRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGeoMesaPineconeTigerGraphToroDB
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