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DBMS > 4D vs. GeoMesa vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TigerGraph vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. GeoMesa vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TigerGraph vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGeoMesa  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemGeoMesa is a distributed spatio-temporal DBMS based on various systems as storage layer.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-timeA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.80
Rank#111  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score0.82
Rank#218  Overall
#4  Spatial DBMS
Score23.95
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score1.92
Rank#143  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.geomesa.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.tigergraph.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.geomesa.org/­documentation/­stable/­user/­index.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.tigergraph.com
Developer4D, IncCCRi and othersMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release19842014201620172016
Current releasev20, April 20234.0.5, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache License 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageScalaC++C++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinuxAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Java
PHP
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoTransact SQLyes
Triggersyesnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonedepending on storage layerSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationdepending on storage layeryesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistencydepending on storage layerImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nodepending on storage layerno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyes infodepending on the DBMS used for storageyesRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGeoMesaMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseTigerGraphToroDB
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