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DBMS > 4D vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. TimesTen

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.80
Rank#111  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score1.50
Rank#166  Overall
#29  Document stores
#27  Key-value stores
#76  Relational DBMS
Score3.86
Rank#90  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#7  Wide column stores
Score1.59
Rank#157  Overall
#72  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Developer4D, IncFoundationDBGoogleOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release1984201320151998
Current releasev20, April 20236.2.28, November 202011 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92supported in specific SQL layer onlynoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin SQL-layer onlynoPL/SQL
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesin SQL-layer onlynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDAtomic single-row operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionFoundationDBGoogle Cloud BigtableTimesTen
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