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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. FoundationDB vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. FoundationDB vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score14.03
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score134.78
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score1.07
Rank#188  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#86  Relational DBMS
Score19.15
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlapple.github.io/­foundationdbspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaElasticFoundationDBApache Software Foundation
Initial release19842013201020132014
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 20228.6, January 20236.2.28, November 20203.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++Scala
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-free infosome layers support schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesno infosome layers support typingyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednono
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languagesupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesin SQL-layer onlyno
Triggersyesnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingShardingyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factoryesyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceES-Hadoop Connectorno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allLinearizable consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoin SQL-layer onlyno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoMemcached and Redis integrationno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosnono

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaElasticsearchFoundationDBSpark SQL
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