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DBMS > 4D vs. DuckDB vs. LevelDB vs. Snowflake vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. DuckDB vs. LevelDB vs. Snowflake vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonSnowflake  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesCloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured dataIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.80
Rank#111  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score4.46
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#100  Overall
#16  Key-value stores
Score125.38
Rank#9  Overall
#6  Relational DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#157  Overall
#72  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comduckdb.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.snowflake.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comduckdb.org/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.snowflake.net/­manuals/­index.htmldocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Developer4D, IncGoogleSnowflake Computing Inc.Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release19842018201120141998
Current releasev20, April 20230.10, February 20241.23, February 202111 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoBSDcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
server-lessIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes infosupport of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesnoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonouser defined functionsPL/SQL
Triggersyesnonono infosimilar concept for controling cloud resourcesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneyesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnonenoneyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnonoUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDuckDBLevelDBSnowflakeTimesTen
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