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DBMS > 4D vs. DuckDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. LokiJS vs. MarkLogic

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. DuckDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. LokiJS vs. MarkLogic

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.In-memory JavaScript DBMSOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeDocument storeDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score4.68
Rank#76  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score15.00
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score0.48
Rank#262  Overall
#42  Document stores
Score6.50
Rank#56  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#5  Search engines
Websitewww.4d.comduckdb.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasegithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSwww.marklogic.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comduckdb.org/­docsfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasetechfort.github.io/­LokiJSdocs.marklogic.com
Developer4D, IncGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014MarkLogic Corp.
Initial release19842018201220142001
Current releasev20, April 20230.10, February 202411.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaScriptC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
server-lesshostedserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforced
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infovia viewsyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesnonoyes infoSQL92
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
JavaScript APIJava API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
JavaScriptC
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnolimited functionality with using 'rules'View functions in JavaScriptyes infovia XQuery or JavaScript
TriggersyesnoCallbacks are triggered when data changesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnonenoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyesyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
noneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDyesno infoatomic operations within a single collection possibleACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoyes, based on authentication and database rulesnoRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levels

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDuckDBFirebase Realtime DatabaseLokiJSMarkLogic
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