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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Drizzle vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Drizzle vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDrizzle  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
Drizzle has published its last release in September 2012. The open-source project is discontinued and Drizzle is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopMySQL fork with a pluggable micro-kernel and with an emphasis of performance over compatibility.Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.80
Rank#111  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score15.06
Rank#39  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score30.39
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score5.33
Rank#72  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.timescale.com
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDrizzle project, originally started by Brian AkerMicrosoftTimescale
Initial release19842013200820142017
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 20227.2.4, September 20122.13.0, November 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoGNU GPLcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infoJSON typesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like query languageyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
JDBCDocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C++
Java
PHP
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoJavaScriptuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersyesnono infohooks for callbacks inside the server can be used.JavaScriptyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosPluggable authentication mechanisms infoe.g. LDAP, HTTPAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaDrizzleMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBTimescaleDB
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