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DBMS > 4D vs. Datomic vs. Ehcache vs. NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Datomic vs. Ehcache vs. NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonEhcache  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityA widely adopted Java cache with tiered storage optionsA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.37
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.55
Rank#144  Overall
#67  Relational DBMS
Score4.79
Rank#66  Overall
#8  Key-value stores
Score1.92
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.datomic.comwww.ehcache.orggithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.datomic.comwww.ehcache.org/­documentationdocs.nebula-graph.iowww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncCognitectTerracotta Inc, owned by Software AGVesoft Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release19842012200920191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 20231.0.7180, July 20243.10.0, March 202216.4, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaC++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMLinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeStrong typed schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nonoSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP APIJCacheBrowser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Clojure
Java
Java.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoTransaction Functionsnouser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersyesBy using transaction functionsyes infoCache Event Listenersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSharding infoby using Terracotta ServerShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyes infoby using Terracotta ServerCausal Clustering using Raft protocolSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyTunable Consistency (Strong, Eventual, Weak)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDyes infosupports JTA and can work as an XA resourceACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yes infousing a tiered cache-storage approachyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnonoRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDatomicEhcacheNebulaGraphPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionDatomicEhcacheNebulaGraphPostgreSQL
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