DBMS > 4D vs. CrateDB vs. Immudb

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CrateDB vs. Immudb

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Distributed Database based on Lucene

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.14
Rank	#114	Overall
	#55	Relational DBMS

Score	0.66
Rank	#224	Overall
	#37	Document stores
	#5	Spatial DBMS
	#16	Search engines
	#19	Time Series DBMS
	#12	Vector DBMS

Score	0.35
Rank	#273	Overall
	#39	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

cratedb.com

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

cratedb.com/docs

docs.immudb.io

Developer

4D, Inc

Crate

Codenotary

Initial release

1984

2013

2020

Current release

v20, April 2023

5.8.1, August 2024

1.2.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator support

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

yes

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibility

SQL-like syntax

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.NET
Erlang
Go

community maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

community maintained client
Perl

community maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

community maintained client
Scala

community maintained client

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions (Javascript)

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Configurable replication on table/partition-level

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

unique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategy

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

rights management via user accounts

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Recent citations in the news

CrateDB Collaborates with ABB for Their industrial IoT and AI Suite
3 December 2024, PR Newswire

CrateDB Collaborates with ABB for Their industrial IoT and AI Suite
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CrateDB Appoints Jeff Olson as New CRO
9 July 2024, PR Newswire

Crate.io raises $10M to grow its database platform
15 June 2021, VentureBeat

Real-Time Analytics Database Company CrateDB Names Lars Färnström as New CEO
1 March 2023, Business Wire

provided by Google News

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29 September 2022, Business Wire

Open Source Immutable Database Adds Cluster Support Capable of Billions of Transactions and Potentially Unlimited Cloud Storage
16 November 2021, Business Wire

Codenotary brings its immutable database to the cloud
21 June 2023, TechCrunch

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provided by Google News

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