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DBMS > 4D vs. CouchDB vs. Teradata Aster vs. TigerGraph vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CouchDB vs. Teradata Aster vs. TigerGraph vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata Aster  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Platform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and typesA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-timeA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score10.26
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score1.83
Rank#141  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcouchdb.apache.orgwww.tigergraph.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stabledocs.tigergraph.com
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerTeradata8Kdata
Initial release19842005200520172016
Current releasev20, April 20233.3.3, December 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageErlangC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
LinuxLinuxAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) infodefined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Storeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infoin Aster File Storenono
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia viewsyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesView functions in JavaScriptR packagesyes
Triggersyesyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0ShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoDimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyes infoSQL Map-Reduce Frameworkyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per databasefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"Teradata AsterTigerGraphToroDB
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