DBMS > 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. H2 vs. LMDB vs. ObjectBox

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. CockroachDB vs. H2 vs. LMDB vs. ObjectBox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library

Lightweight, fast on-device database for IoT, Mobile and Embedded devices, persisting and synchronising objects and vectors

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Object oriented DBMS
Vector DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	4.74
Rank	#67	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Score	7.57
Rank	#47	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	1.94
Rank	#120	Overall
	#20	Key-value stores

Score	1.08
Rank	#179	Overall
	#6	Object oriented DBMS
	#9	Vector DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.h2database.com

www.symas.com/symas-embedded-database-lmdb

github.com/objectbox
objectbox.io

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

www.lmdb.tech/doc

docs.objectbox.io

Developer

4D, Inc

Cockroach Labs

Thomas Mueller

Symas

ObjectBox Limited

Initial release

1984

2015

2005

2011

2017

Current release

v20, April 2023

24.1.0, May 2024

2.2.220, July 2023

0.9.32, January 2024

4.0 (May 2024)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Bindings are released under Apache 2.0

Apache License 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Unix
Windows

Android
Any POSIX system
Docker
iOS
Linux
macOS
QNX
Windows

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, plus "flex" map-like types

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC

JDBC
ODBC

Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

Java

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl

C
C++
Dart (Flutter)
Go
Java
Kotlin
Python
Swift

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication using RAFT

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

Data sync between devices allowing occasional connected databases to work completely offline

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

News

MongoDB Realm & Device Sync alternatives – ObjectBox
17 September 2024

Local AI – what it is and why we need it
11 September 2024

First on-device Vector Database (aka Semantic Index) for iOS
24 July 2024

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) with vector databases: Expanding AI Capabilities
18 June 2024

The on-device Vector Database for Android and Java
29 May 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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Recent citations in the news

Cockroach Labs Sets a New Benchmark in Enterprise Resilience with Next-Generation AI Capabilities and Enhanced Cloud Tiers
26 September 2024, PR Newswire

Cockroach Labs shakes up its licensing to force bigger companies to pay
15 August 2024, TechCrunch

CockroachDB scuttles away from open source Core offering
19 August 2024, The Register

CockroachDB retires self-hosted Core offering, makes Enterprise version free for companies under $10M in annual revenue
15 August 2024, SDTimes.com

Cockroach Labs Shifts from Open Core to Single Enterprise Model
19 August 2024, Datanami

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