DBMS > 4D vs. ArangoDB vs. RRDtool vs. SQLite vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. ArangoDB vs. RRDtool vs. SQLite vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.

Industry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database.

The data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	3.77
Rank	#87	Overall
	#15	Document stores
	#5	Graph DBMS
	#12	Key-value stores
	#10	Search engines

Score	2.14
Rank	#124	Overall
	#10	Time Series DBMS

Score	116.01
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	1.89
Rank	#138	Overall
	#4	Vector DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

arangodb.com

oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool

www.sqlite.org

github.com/weaviate/weaviate
weaviate.io

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.arangodb.com

oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/doc

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

weaviate.io/developers/weaviate

Social network pages

Developer

4D, Inc

ArangoDB Inc.

Tobias Oetiker

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Weaviate B.V.

Initial release

1984

2012

1999

2000

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

3.11.5, November 2023

1.8.0, 2022

3.45.2 (12 March 2024), March 2024

1.19, May 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available

Open Source

GPL V2 and FLOSS

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.

Implementation language

C++

Implementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

HP-UX
Linux

server-less

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

automatically recognizes schema within a collection

yes

dynamic column types

yes, maps to GraphQL interface

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, double, boolean, list, hash

Numeric data only

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Exporting into and restoring from XML files possible

Secondary indexes

yes

all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

GraphQL is used as query language

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

AQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream

in-process shared library
Pipes

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust

with librrd library
C#

with a different implementation of RRDTool
Java

with a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js)

with a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP

with a wrapper library
Python
Ruby

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

JavaScript / TypeScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

since version 2.0

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

configurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)

none

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

by using the rrdcached daemon

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Graph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
» more

Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more

Competitive advantages

Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
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Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
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Typical application scenarios

Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
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As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customers

Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
» more

All companies that have data.
» more

Market metrics

ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
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As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
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Licensing and pricing models

Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
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Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.