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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Rockset

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Rockset

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRockset  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA scalable, reliable search and analytics service in the cloud, built on RocksDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
Search engine
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.19
Rank#176  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.84
Rank#209  Overall
#35  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgwww.postgresql.orgrockset.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.rockset.com
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerRockset
Initial release198420181989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2019
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 202316.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageJavaCC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesdynamic typing
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no infoingestion from XML files supported
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsRead-only SQL queries, including JOINs
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashAutomatic sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and organizations can be defined via Rockset console

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBPostgreSQLRockset
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