DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RRDtool vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RRDtool vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Industry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database.

The data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.19
Rank	#176	Overall
	#15	Time Series DBMS

Score	29.85
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	2.14
Rank	#124	Overall
	#10	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.35
Rank	#165	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/doc

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Microsoft

Tobias Oetiker

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

1984

2018

2014

1999

1998

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.1.0, April 2023

1.8.0, 2022

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

GPL V2 and FLOSS

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Implementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

hosted

HP-UX
Linux

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

Numeric data only

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Exporting into and restoring from XML files possible

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
Native API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

in-process shared library
Pipes

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

with librrd library
C#

with a different implementation of RRDTool
Java

with a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js)

with a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP

with a wrapper library
Python
Ruby

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

by using the rrdcached daemon

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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