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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Drizzle vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Drizzle vs. Microsoft SQL Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonDrizzle  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
Drizzle has published its last release in September 2012. The open-source project is discontinued and Drizzle is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkMySQL fork with a pluggable micro-kernel and with an emphasis of performance over compatibility.Microsofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.80
Rank#111  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score15.06
Rank#39  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.19
Rank#183  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score845.81
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orgiotdb.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmliotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software FoundationDrizzle project, originally started by Brian AkerMicrosoft
Initial release19842013201820081989
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 20221.1.0, April 20237.2.4, September 2012SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGNU GPLcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languageyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
Native API
JDBCADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
C
C++
Java
PHP
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersyesnoyesno infohooks for callbacks inside the server can be used.yes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardinghorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Shardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factorselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosyesPluggable authentication mechanisms infoe.g. LDAP, HTTPfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaApache IoTDBDrizzleMicrosoft SQL Server
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