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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. CouchDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. CouchDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.80
Rank#111  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score1.19
Rank#183  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score11.73
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score30.39
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgcouchdb.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-db
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmldocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stablelearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-db
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerMicrosoft
Initial release1984201820052014
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 20233.3.3, December 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaErlang
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infoJSON types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infovia viewsyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by default
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagenoSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIDocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesView functions in JavaScriptJavaScript
TriggersyesyesyesJavaScript
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Sharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0Sharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparkyeswith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Eventual ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnono infoatomic operations within a single document possibleMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAccess rights can be defined down to the item level

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB
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