DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. RocksDB vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. RocksDB vs. Weaviate

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Key-value store

Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	3.29
Rank	#95	Overall
	#49	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.00
Rank	#84	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Score	1.89
Rank	#138	Overall
	#4	Vector DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

druid.apache.org

rocksdb.org

github.com/weaviate/weaviate
weaviate.io

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

weaviate.io/developers/weaviate

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Facebook, Inc.

Weaviate B.V.

Initial release

1984

2012

2013

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

29.0.1, April 2024

8.11.4, April 2024

1.19, May 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

schema-free

yes, maps to GraphQL interface

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL for querying

GraphQL is used as query language

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

C++ API
Java API

GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

JavaScript / TypeScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
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Competitive advantages

Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
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Typical application scenarios

As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customers

All companies that have data.
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Market metrics

As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
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Licensing and pricing models

Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
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