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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. MarkLogic vs. PostgreSQL vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. MarkLogic vs. PostgreSQL vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.80
Rank#111  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score3.33
Rank#99  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score7.08
Rank#56  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#5  Search engines
Score634.91
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#323  Overall
#28  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdruid.apache.orgwww.marklogic.comwww.postgresql.orgterminusdb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.marklogic.comwww.postgresql.org/­docsterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation and contributorsMarkLogic Corp.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerDataChemist Ltd.
Initial release1984201220011989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2018
Current releasev20, April 202329.0.0, February 202411.0, December 202216.2, February 202411.0.0, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache license v2commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoGPL V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++CProlog, Rust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL for queryingyes infoSQL92yes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language (WOQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes
Triggersyesnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashGraph Partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsJournaling Streams
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journaling
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes, with Range Indexesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache DruidMarkLogicPostgreSQLTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist
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