DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Ingres vs. SpatiaLite

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Ingres vs. SpatiaLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Well established RDBMS

Spatial extension of SQLite

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	3.29
Rank	#95	Overall
	#49	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.67
Rank	#77	Overall
	#42	Relational DBMS

Score	1.72
Rank	#149	Overall
	#3	Spatial DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

druid.apache.org

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.gaia-gis.it/fossil/libspatialite/index

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

docs.actian.com/ingres

www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/spatialite_topics.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Actian Corporation

Alessandro Furieri

Initial release

1984

2012

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2008

Current release

v20, April 2023

29.0.1, April 2024

11.2, May 2022

5.0.0, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache license v2

commercial

Open Source

MPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

server-less

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL for querying

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

Ingres Replicator

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
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