DBMS > 4D vs. AlaSQL vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. AlaSQL vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. SurrealDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

JavaScript DBMS library

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.49
Rank	#259	Overall
	#40	Document stores
	#120	Relational DBMS

Score	8.22
Rank	#50	Overall
	#32	Relational DBMS

Score	2.75
Rank	#107	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.91
Rank	#204	Overall
	#33	Document stores
	#18	Graph DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

alasql.org

www.h2database.com

github.com/google/leveldb

surrealdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

github.com/AlaSQL/alasql

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Andrey Gershun & Mathias R. Wulff

Thomas Mueller

Google

SurrealDB Ltd

Initial release

1984

2014

2005

2011

2022

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

1.23, February 2021

v1.1.1, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT-License

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

Java

C++

Rust

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

All OS with a Java VM

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JavaScript API

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

JavaScript

Java

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

only for local storage and DOM-storage

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorage

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes, based on authentication and database rules

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More resources

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