DBMS > 4D vs. AlaSQL vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. NuoDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. AlaSQL vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. NuoDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name	4D former name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparison	AlaSQL  Xexclude from comparison	H2  Xexclude from comparison	LevelDB  Xexclude from comparison	NuoDB  Xexclude from comparison
Description	Application development environment with integrated database management system	JavaScript DBMS library	Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.	Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values	NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions
Primary database model	Relational DBMS	Document store Relational DBMS	Relational DBMS	Key-value store	Relational DBMS
Secondary database models			Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems Trend Chart	Score 2.83 Rank #106   Overall #55   Relational DBMS	Score 0.55 Rank #232   Overall #35   Document stores #111   Relational DBMS	Score 9.90 Rank #51   Overall #31   Relational DBMS	Score 2.97 Rank #102   Overall #19   Key-value stores	Score 0.96 Rank #178   Overall #87   Relational DBMS
Website	www.4d.com	alasql.org	www.h2database.com	github.com/­google/­leveldb	nuodb.com
Technical documentation	livedoc.4d.com	github.com/­agershun/­alasql	www.h2database.com/­html/­main.html	github.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­master/­doc/­index.md	doc.nuodb.com
Developer	4D, Inc	Andrey Gershun & Mathias R. Wulff	Thomas Mueller	Google	NuoDB, Inc.
Initial release	1984	2014	2005	2011	2013
Current release	v18 R5, January 2021		2.1.210, January 2022	1.23, February 2021
License Commercial or Open Source	commercial	Open Source MIT-License	Open Source dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)	Open Source BSD	commercial limited edition free
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service	no	no	no	no	no
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation language		JavaScript	Java	C++	C++
Server operating systems	OS X Windows	server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)	All OS with a Java VM	Illumos Linux OS X Windows	hosted Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer Linux OS X Windows
Data scheme	yes	schema-free	yes	schema-free	yes
Typing predefined data types such as float or date	yes	no	yes	no	yes
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.	yes	no	no	no	no
Secondary indexes	yes	no	yes	no	yes
SQL Support of SQL	yes close to SQL 92	Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.	yes	no	yes
APIs and other access methods	ODBC RESTful HTTP API by using 4D Mobile SOAP webservices	JavaScript API	JDBC ODBC		ADO.NET JDBC ODBC
Supported programming languages	4D proprietary IDE PHP	JavaScript	Java	C++ Go Java 3rd party binding JavaScript (Node.js) 3rd party binding Python 3rd party binding	.Net C C++ Go Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby
Server-side scripts Stored procedures	yes	no	Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions	no	Java, SQL
Triggers	yes	yes	yes	no	yes
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes	none	none	none	none	data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes	Multi-source replication	none	With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database	none	yes Managed transparently by NuoDB
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods	no	no	no	no	no
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system	Immediate Consistency	none	Immediate Consistency	Immediate Consistency	Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys Referential integrity	yes	yes	yes	no	yes
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data	ACID	yes only for local storage and DOM-storage	ACID	no	ACID tunable commit protocol
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data	yes		yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)	yes	yes MVCC
Durability Support for making data persistent	yes	yes by using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorage	yes	yes with automatic compression on writes	yes
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.	no	yes	yes		yes Temporary table
User concepts Access control	Users and groups	no	fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard	no	Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users
More information provided by the system vendor We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information, and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.
Related products and services We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.
More resources
	4D former name: 4th Dimension	AlaSQL	H2	LevelDB	NuoDB
DB-Engines blog posts	MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking 2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger show all