DBMS > 4D vs. AlaSQL vs. H2 vs. Kingbase vs. LevelDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. AlaSQL vs. H2 vs. Kingbase vs. LevelDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

JavaScript DBMS library

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.49
Rank	#259	Overall
	#40	Document stores
	#120	Relational DBMS

Score	8.22
Rank	#50	Overall
	#32	Relational DBMS

Score	0.45
Rank	#265	Overall
	#124	Relational DBMS

Score	2.75
Rank	#107	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Website

github.com/google/leveldb

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

github.com/AlaSQL/alasql

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

Developer

4D, Inc

Andrey Gershun & Mathias R. Wulff

Thomas Mueller

BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.

Google

Initial release

1984

2014

2005

1999

2011

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

V8.0, August 2021

1.23, February 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT-License

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

Java

C and Java

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.

yes

Standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JavaScript API

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

JavaScript

Java

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

only for local storage and DOM-storage

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorage

yes

with automatic compression on writes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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