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DBMS > 4D vs. Adabas vs. Graph Engine vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Adabas vs. Graph Engine vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineWell established RDBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSMultivalue DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.58
Rank#91  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Score0.62
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score4.67
Rank#77  Overall
#42  Relational DBMS
Score22.71
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlwww.graphengine.iowww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
Developer4D, IncSoftware AGMicrosoftActian CorporationMicrosoft
Initial release1984197120101974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2016
Current releasev20, April 202311.2, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation language.NET and CCC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
.NETAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL Gatewaynoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
RESTful HTTP API.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
NaturalC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin NaturalyesyesTransact SQL
Triggersyesnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas Vistahorizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, with add-on product Event ReplicatorIngres Replicatoryes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityIngresMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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